我们提出了一种新颖的基准和相关的评估指标,用于评估文本匿名方法的性能。文本匿名化定义为编辑文本文档以防止个人信息披露的任务,目前遭受了面向隐私的带注释的文本资源的短缺,因此难以正确评估各种匿名方法提供的隐私保护水平。本文介绍了标签(文本匿名基准),这是一种新的开源注释语料库,以解决此短缺。该语料库包括欧洲人权法院(ECHR)的1,268个英语法院案件,并充满了有关每个文档中出现的个人信息的全面注释,包括其语义类别,标识符类型,机密属性和共同参考关系。与以前的工作相比,TAB语料库旨在超越传统的识别(仅限于检测预定义的语义类别),并且明确标记了这些文本跨越的标记,这些文本应该被掩盖,以掩盖该人的身份受到保护。除了介绍语料库及其注释层外,我们还提出了一套评估指标,这些指标是针对衡量文本匿名性的性能而定制的,无论是在隐私保护和公用事业保护方面。我们通过评估几个基线文本匿名模型的经验性能来说明基准和提议的指标的使用。完整的语料库及其面向隐私的注释准则,评估脚本和基线模型可在以下网址提供:
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The sheer volume of online user-generated content has rendered content moderation technologies essential in order to protect digital platform audiences from content that may cause anxiety, worry, or concern. Despite the efforts towards developing automated solutions to tackle this problem, creating accurate models remains challenging due to the lack of adequate task-specific training data. The fact that manually annotating such data is a highly demanding procedure that could severely affect the annotators' emotional well-being is directly related to the latter limitation. In this paper, we propose the CM-Refinery framework that leverages large-scale multimedia datasets to automatically extend initial training datasets with hard examples that can refine content moderation models, while significantly reducing the involvement of human annotators. We apply our method on two model adaptation strategies designed with respect to the different challenges observed while collecting data, i.e. lack of (i) task-specific negative data or (ii) both positive and negative data. Additionally, we introduce a diversity criterion applied to the data collection process that further enhances the generalization performance of the refined models. The proposed method is evaluated on the Not Safe for Work (NSFW) and disturbing content detection tasks on benchmark datasets achieving 1.32% and 1.94% accuracy improvements compared to the state of the art, respectively. Finally, it significantly reduces human involvement, as 92.54% of data are automatically annotated in case of disturbing content while no human intervention is required for the NSFW task.
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大型图像数据集的有限可用性是在医学中开发准确宽大的机器学习方法的主要问题。数据量的限制主要是由于使用不同的采集协议,不同的硬件和数据隐私。同时,培训小型数据集的分类模型会导致模型的较差质量差。为了克服这个问题,通常使用不同出处的各种图像数据集的组合,例如,多站点研究。然而,如果附加数据集不包括任务的所有类别,则可以将分类模型的学习偏置到设备或获取地点。磁共振(MR)图像特别是磁共振(MR)图像的情况,其中不同的MR扫描仪引入限制模型性能的偏差。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,该方法学习忽略图像中存在的扫描仪相关的特征,同时学习与分类任务相关的功能。我们专注于真实世界的情景,只有一个小型数据集提供所有类的图像。我们通过对潜伏空间引入特定的额外限制来利用这种情况,这引起了对疾病相关而非扫描仪的特征的关注。我们的方法学会在多站点MRI数据集上忽略优于艺术域的最新域适应方法,在多发性硬化患者和健康受试者之间的分类任务上。
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